Overall, neurologic disorders in the context of SARS-CoV-2 infection confer a higher risk of in-hospital mortality and reduced likelihood of discharge home' 3. Encephalitis, meningitis or myelitis referable to SARS-CoV-2 infection did not occur, though post-infectious Guillain-Barre syndrome was identified. Many of these neurologic disorders occur commonly among patients with critical illness.
Frontera et al., by conducting a prospective, multi-centre, observational study of hospitalised adults with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, concluded that 'neurologic disorders were detected in 13.5% of COVID-19 patients during the study timeframe. Whether these manifestations are linked to disorders co-occurring with SARS-CoV-2 infection is under discussion, including their concomitant occurrence, which could be strongly related COVID-19 disease. characterized the incidence of neurological manifestations in a cohort of hospitalised patients with confirmed COVID-19: the most frequent were myalgia, headache, encephalopathy, dizziness, dysgeusia, and anosmia encephalopathy was found to be ' associated with increased morbidity and mortality, independent of respiratory disease severity' 2. reviewed the extrapulmonary organ-specific pathophysiology of patients with COVID-19, ' to aid clinicians and scientists in recognizing and monitoring the spectrum of manifestations, and in developing research priorities and therapeutic strategies for all organ systems involved' 1. neurological, haemorrhagic, and thrombotic) and evidence of their severity and persistence is increasing. Numerous clinical extra-pulmonary manifestations co-occurring with COVID-19 disease have been reported (e.g. Although the presence of each individual symptom is not selective of the disease, their combination might be related to COVID-19 by the coexistence of the panel of the here detected toxin-like peptides. The presence of these peptides opens new scenarios on the aetiology of the COVID-19 clinical symptoms observed up to now, including neurological manifestations. Conclusions: The presence of toxin-like peptides could potentially be connected to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Their presence suggests a possible association between COVID-19 disease and the release in the body of (oligo-)peptides almost identical to toxic components of venoms from animals. Their involvement in a large set of heterogeneous extra-pulmonary COVID-19 clinical manifestations, like neurological ones, cannot be excluded.
Results: Toxin-like peptides, almost identical to toxic components of venoms from animals, like conotoxins, phospholipases, phosphodiesterases, zinc metal proteinases, and bradykinins, were identified in samples from COVID-19 patients, but not in control samples. Methods: Plasma, urine and faecal samples from COVID-19 patients and control individuals were analysed to study peptidomic toxins’ profiles. Protein precipitation preparation procedure was used for plasma, to remove high molecular weight proteins and efficiently solubilize the peptide fraction in the case of faeces and urine, direct peptide solubilization was employed. Whether these manifestations are linked to other disorders co-occurring with SARS-CoV-2 infection, is under discussion. In this work, we report the identification of toxin-like peptides in COVID-19 patients by application of the Liquid Chromatography Surface-Activated Chemical Ionization – Cloud Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry.
Different studies have been performed to understand the infection mechanism, and the involved human genes, transcripts and proteins. In parallel, numerous clinical extra-pulmonary manifestations co-occurring with COVID-19 disease have been reported and evidence of their severity and persistence is increasing. Background: SARS-CoV-2 that causes COVID-19 disease and led to the pandemic currently affecting the world has been broadly investigated.
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